Japanese language crochet pattern—can someone translate a phrase or two?

Post date: 2020-03-30 06:02:07
Views: 131
During my current time indoors I'm learning to crochet from universal patterns with mostly diagrams rather than text. I'm getting on all right, but sometimes I'm a little stumped by a symbol that I can't find a reference for. Can anybody help me with the circled phrases top and bottom?

I'd be so grateful to understand the sections I marked in purple. I know the two stitches are chain stitches, but there is some extra attribute I can't quite understand.

Imgur image of pattern section

Link to pattern on Rav if you want to make a pretty necklace!

Thank you in advance if you can help! Take care, all.
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